Essential features of long-term changes of areas and diameters of sunspot groups in solar activity cycles 12–24

We analyze the Greenwich catalog data on areas of sunspot groups of last thirteen solar cycles. Various parameters of sunspots are considered, namely: average monthly smoothed areas, maximum area for each year and equivalent diameters of groups of sunspots. The first parameter shows an exceptional power of the 19th cycle of solar activity, which appears here more contrastively than in the numbers of spots (that is, in Wolf’s numbers). It was found that in the maximum areas of sunspot groups for a year there is a unique phenomenon: a short and high jump in the 18th cycle (in 1946–1947) that has no analogues in other cycles. We also studied the integral distributions for equivalent diameters and found the following: (a) the average value of the index of power-law approximation is 5.4 for the last 13 cycles and (b) there is reliable evidence of Hale's double cycle (about 44?years). Since this indicator reflects the dispersion of sunspot group diameters, the results obtained show that the convective zone of the Sun generates embryos of active regions in different statistical regimes which change with a cycle of about 44?years.     

A review of aerial manipulation of small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems

Small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems(SRURSs) are a kind of unmanned rotorcraft with manipulating devices. This review aims to provide an overview on aerial manipulation of SRURSs nowadays and promote relative research in the future. In the past decade, aerial manipulation of SRURSs has attracted the interest of researchers globally. This paper provides a literature review of the last 10 years(2008–2017) on SRURSs, and details achievements and challenges. Firstly, the definition, current state, development, classification, and challenges of SRURSs are introduced. Then, related papers are organized into two topical categories: mechanical structure design, and modeling and control. Following this, research groups involved in SRURS research and their major achievements are summarized and classified in the form of tables. The research groups are introduced in detail from seven parts. Finally, trends and challenges are compiled and presented to serve as a resource for researchers interested in aerial manipulation of SRURSs. The problem,trends, and challenges are described from three aspects. Conclusions of the paper are presented,and the future of SRURSs is discussed to enable further research interests.     

多导弹编队齐射攻击分散化协同制导方法

针对多导弹编队齐射攻击在时间上的协同要求,将攻击时间可控制导律(ITCG)与一致性分散化协调算法相结合,提出一种多导弹编队齐射攻击的分散化协同制导方法.编队内各导弹采用相邻局部通信,编队之间则通过各编队通信拓扑生成树的根节点进行通信.设计了导弹编队内和编队间的分散化协调策略,实现多导弹编队齐射攻击的分散化协调.推导了攻...     

The dark matter halo structure of “fossil” groups candidates

We investigated properties of four isolated giant elliptical galaxies with extended X-ray halo using ASCA data. The derived size of X-ray halo, X-ray luminosity, and gravitational mass of the dark halo are unusually large those of X-ray halo of a single galaxy, but are typical for X-ray halos of groups and poor clusters of galaxies. The measured temperatures and abundances of the X-ray halo gas in these galaxies are also similar to those of the groups and poor clusters. Based on these results we identified these galaxies as “isolated X-ray overluminous elliptical galaxy” (IOLEG). The radial profiles of dark halo in these objects were derived from X-ray data. It is found that some are similar to those of compact groups while others are the same as those of normal ellipticals. The dark halos of lOLEGs are thus indistinguishable from those of groups (and poor clusters), which appears to be consistent with a widely believed idea that lOLEGs are a product of dynamical evolution of a compact group. However, mass-to-light ratios of IOLEGs (M₂₀₀/L_B  100–1000) are far greater than those of Hickson compact groups M₂₀₀/L_B  40–60). Since it is hard to consider that total optical luminosity of a compact group decreases by an order of magnitude in the course of dynamical evolution, such difference in the observed mass-to-light ratio between IOLEGs and Hickson compact groups strongly suggests that most IOLEGs have not evolved from compact groups which are observed at present.     

TOPOLOGY OF CONFIGURATION SPACE FOR A THREE-BODY PROBLEM

考虑了限制在球面Ｓ２上运动的三个质点的力学系统，该系统的构型空间是Ｓ２上的一个纤维丛。本文证明了这个丛的第１陈省身示性类等于－２ｃ１（γ），其中γ是复射影空间ＣＰ１＝Ｓ２上的典范线丛。这个结果蕴涵该构型空间是Ｓ２上的非平凡丛。由此又算出了它的上同调群与同伦群。此外还讨论了上述拓扑性质对于诸如平衡位置的数目，周期轨道及约化相空间等涉及系统大范围性状的影响。     

垂直平板层流自然对流的群论分析

本文对由热、质最扩散和化学反应引起的垂直平板定常层流自然对流问题用Ｍｏｒｇａｎ变换群理论进行了分析，得到了壁面温度和浓度分布均按变化时的相似性方程组，并用Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ方法和Ｎａｃｈｔｓｈｅｉｎ－Ｓｗｉｇｅｒｔ迭代法，在Ｐｒ＝０．７２和不同的施密特数Ｓ＿ｃ、反应阶ｎ和参数Ｐ、Ｑ下进行了数值求解。给出了相应的速度分布、温度分布和浓度分布曲线。     

周向畸变条件下压气机失速先兆分布特征

在低速单转子轴流压气机实验台上开展了周向插板式畸变实验研究,通过安装在叶顶前缘的动态压力传感器和转子出口的梳状五孔探针获取不同插板高度下畸变进气失速特性,结合实验及数值模拟,并采用时域分析法和一维连续小波方法对失速先兆传播特性及失速先兆尺度进行了分析。研究结果表明,失速先兆总是在叶顶前缘位置首先出现,然后由叶顶前缘沿轴向传播至转子出口叶顶位置,之后沿径向传播由叶顶向叶根发展直至失速团占据整个径向叶高。同时,随着畸变强度增加,失速先兆传播速度逐渐增加,且尺度不断增大,从突尖型失速先兆变为长尺度型失速先兆。      

青枯病抗性不同的番茄土壤细菌生理群的数量变化

对青枯病抗性不同的番茄品种根际细菌生理群数量变化进行了研究.结果表明,番茄根际细菌种群和数量的变化随品种抗性、生育期不同和季节的变化而变化,其中氨化细菌的数量与番茄青枯病抗性呈正相关;根际细菌中氨化细菌、硝化细菌、好气纤维素分解细菌、固氮细菌和反硫化细菌等数量均表现为夏季高于冬季,而厌气纤维素分解细菌和硫化细菌的数量则表现为冬季高于夏季.     

Sub-optimal fixed-finite-horizon spacecraft configuration control on SE(3)

For achieving the desired configuration of spacecraft at the desired fixed time, a sub-optimal fixed-finite-horizon configuration control method on the Lie group SE(3) is developed based on the Model Predictive Static Programming (MPSP). The MPSP technique has been widely used to solve finite-horizon optimal control problems and is known for its high computational efficiency thanks to the closed-form solution, but it cannot be directly applied to systems on SE(3). The methodological innovation in this paper enables that the MPSP technique is extended to the geometric control on SE(3), using the variational principle, the left-invariant properties of Lie groups, and the topology structure of Lie algebra space. Moreover, the energy consumption, which is crucial for spacecraft operations, is considered as the objective function to be optimized in the optimal control formulation. The effectiveness of the designed sub-optimal control method is demonstrated through an online simulation under disturbances and state measurement errors.     

非线性代数方程组的数值解法比较

本文通过比较几种求解非线性方程组的数值解法的特点，在如何兼顾计算量与收敛速度，选择不同数值解法求非线性方程组的近似解等方面给出了推荐意见。